What physiological process occurs during muscle fatigue?

During muscle fatigue, the primary physiological process involves the depletion of energy substrates. When muscles contract, they rely on stored energy sources such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine. As these energy stores are used up during prolonged or intense exercise, their depletion leads to a decrease in the muscles' ability to sustain contractions.

This depletion not only affects ATP levels but also impacts the availability of other substrates, such as glycogen, which further contributes to fatigue. Additionally, as energy substrates are used, the body may also experience a buildup of metabolic byproducts, including lactic acid, which can also contribute to the sensation of fatigue and further hinder muscle performance.

Understanding the process of energy substrate depletion helps in planning effective training and recovery strategies, as well as in appreciating the importance of nutrition for maintaining optimal muscle function.